Heliocentrism

While looking into both the Copernicus and Newton posts, I had to remind myself of pre-existing knowledge of astronomical history. It ended up requiring fewer names than I expected, but still covers an extensive period. 1543 is about 50 years after Columbus' first voyage, and 1666 is 123 years after that. They are sequential Third Turnings, and so naturally they'll cover over a period equal to a single Saeculum, which is to say somewhere between 90 and 120 years, depending on where you start and end. (And in fact the former is very near the start of its Third Turning, and 1666 is near the end of that one.)

Galileo's place in the process was also of interest, particularly that he's the only one of these to be known for running afoul of the authorities by supporting heliocentrism.   Yet, he's in the middle of this process, and well after significant had been done supporting it. Why did he get in trouble?

I ended up doing a chart, not only to keep track of what happened when and who determined what, but to see where these events were happening in the Saeculum.

Name	Nationality	Lifespan	Born	Died	Generation (using Anglo-American generation periods)	Significant year(s)	Turning (Anglo-american)
Copernicus	Poland	19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543	1473	1543	Humanist (Artist)	1543 - On the Heavenly Spheres	Third
Tycho Brahe	Netherlands	14 December 1546 – 24 October 1601	1546	1601	Elizabethan (Hero)	1588 - Introduction to the New Astronomy	Fourth
Johannes Kepler	Germany	December 27, 1571 – November 15, 1630	1571	1630	Parliamentary (Artist)	1605 - first law of planetary motion (Ellipses)	First
Galileo	Italy	15 February 1564– 8 January 1642	1564	1642	Elizabethan (Hero)	1610 - Telescope showed Galilean moons/1633 Trial by Inquisition	First/Second
Newton	England	25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726	1642	1726	Cavalier (Nomad)	1666 - his Miraculous Year	Third

One may note that each of these gentleman are from a different nation. That means they are not necessarily in the same place on the Saeculum - Germany could possibly be in its Third when England is in its First. Much of Europe is often synchronized, though, so I'll take it as given that they are the same or close.

And it appears that Galileo, unlike the rest, was active during an Awakening, which might have affected how aggressive the authorities were about suppressing teachings that didn't match with dogma. (Although his location near Rome may have had an effect as well.)